Indonesia Sea Fest '07 (21 - 25 November 2007)

Background

• Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan (Archipelagic State) yang terdiri dari sekitar 17.504 pulau dengan luas laut sekitar 5,8 juta km2 dan bentang garis pantai sepanjang 95.181 km.
• Sebagian besar dari pulau-pulau tersebut merupakan pulau-pulau kecil yang memiliki kekayaan sumberdaya alam dan jasa-jasa lingkungan yang sangat besar dan potensial untuk pembangunan ekonomi. Dengan kata lain, sudah sewajarnyalah sektor kelautan menyumbang pendapatan terbesar di Indonesia.
• Tetapi hal ini bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan yang ada, para pelaku ekonomi yang menggantungkan hidupnya dari kekayaan laut hanya sebagian kecil saja yang dapat hidup dengan layak, dan sebagian besar lainnya masih hidup dibawah garis kemiskinan.
• Hal inilah yang menggerakkan kami untuk berbuat 'sesuatu' guna melestarikan dan mengembangkan sektor kelautan di Indonesia.

Objectives

• Mengajak peran serta masyarakat baik yang sudah berkecimpung maupun yang akan dan belum pernah berkecimpung di sektor kelautan untuk mengetahui lebih dalam mengenai seluk beluk ilmu kelautan dan teknologi perangkat pendukungnya dengan menggunakan ajang pameran dan diskusi terbuka.
• Dengan semakin tingginya peran serta masyarakat, maka diharapkan akan semakin meningkatkan perhatian masyarakat tentang kelautan dan perekonomian para pelaku ekonomi sektor kelautan.
• Selain itu partisipasi anak-anak dan generasi muda juga sangat diharapkan sebagai generasi penerus yang perduli akan alam dan kelanjutan kehidupan ekosistim alam yang berkelanjutan.
• Bersamaan dengan ajang ini, Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan Indonesia akan menetapkan tahun 2007 sebagai "Tahun Bahari Indonesia" dan peringatan "50 tahun Deklarasi Juanda" tentang Konsepsi Negara Kepulauan.

The Concept

• Secara umum, ajang pameran atau expo yang diminati masyarakat kebanyakan adalah ajang pameran yang menampilkan sisi hiburan dan kecanggihan teknologi.
• Hal inilah yang akan disajikan pada gelaran Indonesia Seafest 2007. Suatu gelaran akbar yang sarat hiburan dan kecanggihan teknologi dengan misi sosialisasi dan edukasi kehidupan bahari di Indonesia.
• Pada Indonesia Seafest 2007 audience akan kami ajak menjelajah dunia lain, suatu dunia kecil yang berisi 8 lokasi tematis, mulai dari Kampung Nelayan, Negeri Air, Jaga Laut, Wisata Bahari, Jelajah Nusantara, Dermaga, Anak Pantai, Pasar Ikan dan panggung utama. Masing-masing lokasi tematis akan dilengkapi tenda raksasa dan menggunakan bridge tematis sebagai penghubungnya, sehingga peserta tidak akan merasakan perubahan yang dratis pada saat berpindah dari satu lokasi ke lokasi lainnya.
• Audience akan dibawa merasakan suasana kelautan, terdapat boat atau yacht yang sesungguhnya, pasar seafood dimana ikan segar yang dipotong, dibersihkan dan dimasak di hadapan mereka, serta berbagai acara yang bersifat mendidik sekaligus menghibur (edutainment) dengan hadirnya artis-artis Ibukota seperti Republik Mimpi (tentative) dan khusus untuk audience anak-anak akan hadirnya beragam permainan dan hiburan seperti mini hovercraft, koleksi ikan Sea World Indonesia (tentative) dan masih banyak lagi.

Time & Place

• Waktu : 5 hari berturut-turut kegiatan pada tanggal 21 - 25 November 2007, mulai pukul 09.00 s/d 21.00 BBWI
• Tempat: Parkir Timur Gelora Bung Karno dengan luas area yang digunakan 18.000 m2. Lokasi ini dipilih karena letaknya yang berada di tengah kota dan dengan mudah dicapai oleh audience.
  

More Details

Our Audiences

Keluarga Indonesia yang aktif dan dinamis serta ingin mengetahui lebih dalam mengenai sektor kelautan di Indonesia tanpa melihat skala ekonomi dan umur

Lokasi Tematis

Setiap lokasi tematis akan dilengkapi dengan mini stage untuk memfasilitasi peserta yang ingin melakukan demo atau presentasi produk, selain itu setiap lokasi tematis juga akan dilengkapi dengan private meeting room yang dapat digunakan oleh setiap peserta yang ingin melakukan negosiasi bisnis dengan lebih privat.

thematic 1... Kampung Nelayan

Di dalamnya terdiri dari bidang usaha perikanan budidaya laut dan air tawar. Kegiatan perikanan tangkap dari mulai nelayan tradisional sampai kepada pengusaha perikanan modern dan sarananya, pengembangan usaha, kelompok usaha kecil (UKM) dan aiat-alat pendukung usaha perikanan, alat bantu perikanan, dan fainnya termasuk juga sosialisasi tentang peraturan/kebijakan pemerintah yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan tersebut.

Peserta terdiri dari:

• Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan (DirJen Budidaya, DirJen Perikanan Tangkap),
• Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM (sektor nelayan),
• Perusahaan perikanan berikut perlengkapan pendukungnya,
• Kelompok nelayan dan usaha kecil, Bank Nasional maupun swasta.

thematic 2... Negeri Air

Suasana di dalam pameran ini merupakan usaha dan kegiatan pantai dan pesisir, yang merupakan bagian dari usaha penyeiamatan juga rehabtfitasi terumbu karang, mangrove, estuaria dan sosialisasi kebijakan pemerintah tentang hal tersebut Didalamnya juga termasuk pameran tentang keindahan bahari, budaya asli yang berhubungan dengan pelestarian lingkungan laut dan usaha penyeiamatan keanekaragaman hayati laut serta pulau-pulau terluar yang berbatasan dengan negara tetangga dan usaha yang terkait.

Peserta terdiri dari:

• Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan (DirJen Pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil),
• DirJen Pengendalian Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Perikanan,
• Badan Riset Kelautan dan Perikanan DKP),
• Kementerian Budaya dan Pariwisata
• Perusahaan atau perorangan yang melakukan usaha budidaya ikan hias (aqua culture) dan
• Kelompok atau perorangan yang bergerak dalam pelestarian lingkungan laut dan pendukungnya.

thematic 3... Jaga Laut

Diikuti oleh institusi yang berhubungan dengan patroii dan pengawasan taut nusantara, diantaranya Angkatan Laut, Poiisi Air, Bea cukai, dan juga Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Perusahaan swasta dan BUMN yang memproduksi / suplier perlengkapan dan alat yang berhubungan dengan hal tersebut, termasuk didalamnya adalah institusi pendidikan yang berhubungan dengan kelautan dan juga penemuan alat atau produk yang dapat membantu sektor kelautan dan perikanan pada umumnya. Tidak terlepas juga diikuti oleh organisasi, kelompok atau perorangan yang peduli akan bahari.

Peserta terdiri dari:

• Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan,
• Angkatan Laut Republik Indonesia, Poiisi Air, Bea Cukai, lembaga penelitian (BPPT, LIPI, BMG),
• Perusahaan yang meriset dan memproduksi bangunan tahan gempa,
• Perusahaan swasta atau BUMN yang bergerak dalam eksplorasi minyak dan tambang lepas pantai,
• Perusahaan atau suplier yang mendukung institusi diatas dalam perlengkapannya (life jacket, radar,GPS, simulator, dll),
• Institusi pendidikan yang meriset alat atau sarana yang dapat memberikan sumbangan teknologi dalam pengembangan kelautan dan kelompok atau perorangan yang peduli tentang lingkungan laut.

thematic 4... Wisata Bahari

Dalam kelompok ini diikuti antara lain pengembang, hotel dan resort yang menggunakan kawasan laut dan pantai sebagai kawasan bisnisnya, hobi bahari antara lain diving club, fishing club, jet ski, dll berikut perlengkapannya, dan juga keterlibatan institusi pemerintah yang terkait.

Peserta terdiri dari:

• Kementerian Budaya dan Pariwisata.
• Departemaen Kelautan dan Perikanan, Hotel dan Resort yang berada dilingkungan laut
• Pengembang yang berada di lingkungan laut, swasta nasional maupun internasional yang bergerak dalam bidang kepariwisataan bahari.
• Komunitas bahari (Jet Ski, Diving, Layar, Boating, dll), perusahaan yang bergerak atau distributor alat pendukung komunitas bahari, alat-alat dan usaha lainnya yang mendukung pengembangan usaha ecotourism.

thematic 5... Nusantara

Peserta pameran diikuti oleh pemerintah daerah tingkat satu dan tingkat dua yang memiliki usaha, program dan pengembangan dibidang kelautan dan perikanan serta hasil produksinya.

Peserta terdiri dari:

• Pemerintah daerah tingkat satu dan tingkat dua,
• Bank nasional maupun swasta atau lembaga keuangan lainnya dan,
• Lembaga perdagangan atau kadin negar tetangga.

thematic 6... Dermaga

Pameran diikuti oleh perusahaan galangan kapal, pembuat kapal dan mesin-mesin perkapalan, operator kapal komersil, otorita pelabuhan, operator pengusaha kapal penyewaan dan teknologi yang berhubungan dengan ranc bangun perkapalan.

Peserta terdiri dari:

• Galangan kapal dan pembuat kapal nasional maupun internasional,
• Operator dan perusahaan kapal penyewaan nasional maupun internasional
• Operator dan perusahaan kapal penumpang,
• Bank nasional maupun swasta atau lembaga keuangan lainnya,
• Perusahaan mesin perkapalan dan mesin lainnya,
• Otorita pelabuhan, operator kapal komersil,
• Institusi pendidikan perkapalan,
• Alat atau teknologi yang berhubungan dengan rancang bangun perkapalan

thematic 7... Anak Pantai

Didalamnya ditampiikan suasana laut dan pantai dengan segala isi dan keaneka ragamannya, sebagai tempat belajar dan bermain anak, tujuannya mengajak anak-anak untuk mengenal lebih dalam tentang bahari dengan mendengarkan dongeng laut dari selebriti, melihat film tentang keindahan bahari Nusantara, dan kegiatan lainnya yang akan memberikan nuansa lain dari pameran ini.

Peserta terdiri dari :

• Lembaga atau badan usaha yang bergerak dalam bidang edukasi bahari untuk anak-anak (Sea World Indonesia, Disney Indonesia, dll),
• Institusi pendidikan dan
• Stasiun televisi daerah, nasional dan internasional.

thematic 8... Pasar Ikan

Pesertanya adalah restoran, rumah makan, kelompok usaha yang bergerak dalam penjualan hasil laut, produk dart hasil perikanan, pengusaha produk olahan hasil laut dan pendukung lainnya, termasuk demo masak dan kegiatan pengolahan.

Peserta terdiri dari:

• Restoran,
• Rumah makan,
• Perusahaan yang menjual hasil laut,
• Perusahaan yang bergerak dalam industri pengolahan hasil laut dan perusahaan alat pendukung lainnya.

Main Stage

• Sebuah pameran akan terasa lebih hidup apabila dilengkapi dengan acara hiburan. Hiburan ini akan dimeriahkan dengan penampilan beberapa artis yang diarahkan sebagai tim yang akan mengkampanyekan laut sebagai sesuatu yang hams dijaga dan dipelihara. Acara ini dibuat agar dapat menarik perhatian para pengunjung, seperti talk show, operet, dll. Untuk itu dibuat suatu panggung yang berfungsi sebagai wadah promosi dari partisipan maupun sponsor yang dapat mensukseskan ajang Indonesia SeaFest. Panggung utama ini dibuat untuk melengkapi panggung-panggung kecil yang berada di 8 thematic sektor yang ada.
• Indonesia Seafest yang terdiri dari 8 thematic sektor merupakan satu kesatuan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan, karena masing-masing sektor saling berhubungan, dan menjadi suatu rangkaian yang terhubung dengan lorong-lorong yang akan membawa para pengunjung tenggelam dalam suasana serta aktivitas laut dengan menggunakan teknologi multimedia dan disain grafis, sehingga masing-masing sektor akan terlihat sangat menarik dan interaktif.

Final Words

Pelaksanaan pengelolaan sumberdaya alam khususnya kelautan perlu dilakukan dengan bijaksana dan penuh kehati-hatian dalam rangka mendukung perwujudan tujuan pembangunan secara berkelanjutan dan berwawasan lingkungan yaitu dengan

Peningkatan peran serta masyarakat dalam Pelestarian & Pengembangan Kelautan Indonesia

Raja Ampat Islands

A Hotspot of Marine Diversity
Copy & pictures by Richard Smith

Both above and below the water’s surface the Raja Ampat islands of Irian Jaya, Indonesia are teeming with the diversity of life. Having only recently opened up to the international diving community and with a sparse population, the region’s reefs have remained in pristine condition awaiting divers with a love of remote and exotic locations.

Getting there

‘Raja Ampat’ translates as four kings from Bahasa Indonesia and comprises an archipelago of over 600 islands off the western tip of the Indonesian half of New Guinea. The most convenient entry point into Indonesia, following the long trek from Europe, will most likely be Manado in northern Sulawesi. This works well if you plan to tie further diving at the Bunaken National Park or Lembeh Straits into your journey. From here you will travel on domestic airlines to the small town of Sorong on the ‘beak’ of the Bird’s Head peninsula, the most westerly mainland part of Irian Jaya. Sorong is a small and pleasant town; it acts as a local administrative centre and a base for oil and logging companies.

Lodgings

The only land-based diving operation in the area is Papua diving, the vision of Dutch born Max Ammer. The company was founded in 1990 after Max spent many months searching the area for World War II wrecks. At the time of our visit in February 2004 the Kri Island Eco Resort was the only site opened and our group of five intrepid divers were the only guests. This really is an enchanting place to stay and whilst facilities are very basic this adds to the charm. The relatively small Island is surrounded by white sandy beaches and has a steep and mountainous backbone. Due to the topography all main buildings are built on stilts over the shallow lagoon that surrounds the island.

There is room for around twenty guests in various huts constructed entirely of local materials that contain little more than a bed, mosquito net, small lamp and table. The sleeping huts branch off a 200m long jetty that spans the lagoon. Dive boats leave for the day’s excursions from the end of the jetty. The main communal eating hall is also on stilts above the water and also houses the base’s menagerie. During our stay the staff were hand rearing orphaned creatures including a scrappy but adorable Hornbill, a Cockatoo named Jacob which is the generic Indonesian name for all pet Cockatoos and a Cuscus, which is a small marsupial reminiscent of a sluggish and comical monkey.

Since our stay Max has opened a new more modern resort at Sorido Bay around the corner from the original Eco resort. Facilities include air conditioning, hot showers and televisions in all rooms. The house reef of this new site is named ‘Cape Kri’ and during a survey conducted by the eminent fish biologist, Dr Gerry Allen, he counted a record 283 fish species during one dive. Luckily this bountiful site with amazing coral cover is only a short ride from the Eco resort too.

Chicken?

Soon after arriving on Kri and unpacking our gear we were eager to get in the water. Our first dive was Chicken reef, only 5-10 minutes away by speedboat. The visibility wasn’t crystal clear but as the reef came into view every inch was teeming with life. As is common at many of the Raja Ampat patch reefs there were large schools of small silver fish and associated large predators. Spanish mackerel, Giant Trevally and Yellow-tail Barracuda tormented these smaller fish. Later dives at this site yielded many rare nudibranchs, Hawksbill turtles, Black-Tip Reef sharks, Sea Spiders, a large school of Hump Head Parrotfish and a pair of Robust Ghost pipefish that perfectly mimicked seagrass even down to the detail of encrusting algae on their surface.


Wobbegong sharks are also found at this site and are fairly unique to this part of Indonesia, occurring more commonly on Australian reefs. These large Carpet sharks rest motionless on the reef bottom during the day and blend in even down to their tasselled beard, which helps break up their outline. At night they become voracious hunters of fish and Crustaceans.

As darkness falls…

We only managed three night dives during our stay, which was a shame as they were excellent. Two were on the House reef at the end of the jetty and one at an off shore reef. The House reef had by far the most diverse and interesting inhabitants. The reef top had most of the action and in only a few meters of water we came across several Raja Ampat Epaulette sharks. These small nocturnal sharks reach a maximum length of two feet and are only found in this small group of islands. They can barely swim and instead crawl using their pectoral fins among seagrass and coral rubble to hunt small reef organisms.

Another highlight was an unusual pale pink Harlequin shrimp, which was wrestling with a starfish that was considerably larger than its self. These shrimp usually work in pairs to ensnare their starfish prey and relocate them to a larder where they consume them over a week or so. This individual was working alone so as it pried each arm off the substrate another one would hold fast and appeared to be getting the better of the shrimp. Other night-time critters included a verdant green frogfish resting in the recesses of a large sponge, a huge slipper lobster and many large Pleurobranch nudibranchs.

A New Manta Mecca

Having previously visited Yap, the “Manta Ray Mecca of the world”, and found the hoards of divers entirely disconcerting, the ‘Manta reef’ of Raja Ampat was a breath of fresh air. The dive guide was fairly low key about the site but on arrival we saw literally dozens of Manta fins breaking the surface as these gentle giants filtered the plankton rich waters for food. There was no disappointment as we entered the water and saw many individuals passing over the reef. It wasn’t until we moved into the blue a little that the show really started. Out of nowhere a group of 15-20 Mantas headed straight for us, coming so close that the leader hit our dive guide across the shins.

On subsequent dives at the site we again moved off the reef to find up to a dozen huge mantas barrel rolling in areas of especially rich water. They would allow us to get extremely close but a camera malfunction meant I only have memories to remind me of the amazing experience. The concentration of Mantas appears to be a year round phenomenon and with such low levels of interruption from divers they go about their business with little concern.

Saturday, a day of rest

For religious reasons there is absolutely no diving on Saturdays at Papua Diving, which is the perfect opportunity to visit local villages or take a tour. We decided to go to a neighbouring island named Waigeo in search of the Red Bird of Paradise, which congregate ridiculously early each morning for the males to display to the females. This turned out to be a highlight of the trip and made all the more adventurous by getting up and heading to the site long before sunrise. By torch light we left the boat and headed through a small village where we were enthusiastically greeted by the locals. After half an hour hike we arrived at the tree where males meet to display; this behaviour is known as lekking. There was a small hide half way up a nearby tree, which gave an amazing vantage point of the 5 or 6 males enthusiastically showing off their gaudy plumage. It would have been fit for an Attenborough show!

The Passage

On Sunday we were keen to get back in the water and went to a slightly further a field dive site called the ‘Passage’. The journey took us through thickly forested limestone islands, very similar to Palau’s famous Seventy Islands. The dive must be well timed to catch the correct tide as it takes place in the narrow channel between two islands and photographers would not appreciate a roaring current on this site. The site is unique in that huge sea fans and Black Coral trees reach to within inches of the surface and the rainforest reaches to within inches of the water’s surface. There are reports of Saltwater Crocs in the area so beware!

The Little guys

The wonder of Raja Ampat is that many species of pygmy seahorses occur commonly on several dive sites and often at much shallower depths than other locations. Common species are both the red and yellow Bargabant’s pygmies (Hippocampus bargabanti), Denise’s pygmy (Hippocampus denise) and the newly discovered and as yet scientifically undescribed Pontohi’s pygmy (Hippocampus species?). The expert eye of the dive guides is essential in finding the Pontohi species as this has no specific fan to inhabit and can be found on any algae or small hydroid on the reef. Having never encountered the yellow Bargabant’s or Pontohi pygmies these were real highlights of the trip. The dive guides informed us of a fairly reliable site to find the Pontohi species, which happened to be under the wing of an American B47 World War II plane wreck and at a depth of 31m, unfortunately there wasn’t much time to hang around to study it’s behaviour.

Until next time

After ten days in paradise we took the boat back to Sorong and headed home. Having thoroughly enjoyed the ‘back to basics’ Eco resort I would love to return and experience the more modern site. There remain countless sites to visit in the area and with Papua diving’s plans for a liveaboard and several charters beginning to make the most of the area’s diversity there are many ways of sampling this in a trip.


Further Information:

Travel advice - Foreign and Commonwealth Office – 0870 6060290 www.fco.gov.uk

• Papua diving www.PapuaDiving.com
• Kararu www.kararu.com
• Pindito www.pindito.com
• Several other liveaboards also make occasional trips to the Raja Ampat Islands.

Derawan

from: www.nudipixel.net


The Derawan Islands (Indonesian: Kepulauan Derawan) are in Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia covering Derawan, Sangalaki, Kakaban, Maratua, Panjang, and Samama Island as well as several submerged reefs and small islets, are located in the Sulawesi Sea, on the coastal shelf of East Kalimantan (2°17'N - 113°13'E). The Derawan Islands have about 31 islands.

Located in the global biodiversity hotspot, the Derawan Islands are featured by high diversity of reef fishes (347 species), corals (222 species), and invertebrates, including a considerable number of protected species (5 giants clam species, 2 sea turtles, coconut crab, etc). Some of the islands harbor the heavily exploited turtle eggs and yet the largest green turtle nesting site in Indonesia.

There are two islands inhabited, namely Derawan (1 village of 1,259 people) and Maratua (4 villages of 2,704 people). Fishing is an important income generating activity for the community. Since early 1990s, people have started to catch live groupers, napoleon wrasses, and lobsters, due to high demand and price. As a world class dive tourism destination, there are 3 international dive resorts on Derawan Islands , while more additional resorts or facilities are in the planning process.

Philinopsis gardineri (Eliot, 1903)

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Opisthobranchia
Order:	Cephalaspidea
Superfamily:	Philinoidea
Family:	Aglajidae
Species:	Philinopsis gardineri

Location:	Derawan, Indonesia
Photographer:	Erwin Kodiat
Camera:	Canon PowerShot A620

Taman Nasional Wakatobi

Taman Nasional Wakatobi memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam laut yang bernilai tinggi baik jenis dan keunikannya, dengan panorama bawah laut yang menakjubkan. Secara umum perairan lautnya mempunyai konfigurasi dari mulai datar sampai melandai kearah laut, dan beberapa daerah perairan terdapat yang bertubir curam. Kedalaman airnya bervariasi, bagian terdalam mencapai 1.044 meter dengan dasar perairan sebagian besar berpasir dan berkarang.

Taman nasional ini memiliki 25 buah gugusan terumbu karang dengan keliling pantai dari pulau-pulau karang sepanjang 600 km. Lebih dari 112 jenis karang dari 13 famili diantaranya Acropora formosa, A. hyacinthus, Psammocora profundasafla, Pavona cactus, Leptoseris yabei, Fungia molucensis, Lobophyllia robusta, Merulina ampliata, Platygyra versifora, Euphyllia glabrescens, Tubastraea frondes, Stylophora pistillata, Sarcophyton throchelliophorum, dan Sinularia spp.

Kekayaan jenis ikan yang dimiliki taman nasional ini sebanyak 93 jenis ikan konsumsi perdagangan dan ikan hias diantaranya argus bintik (Cephalopholus argus), takhasang (Naso unicornis), pogo-pogo (Balistoides viridescens), napoleon (Cheilinus undulatus), ikan merah (Lutjanus biguttatus), baronang (Siganus guttatus), Amphiprion melanopus, Chaetodon specullum, Chelmon rostratus, Heniochus acuminatus, Lutjanus monostigma, Caesio caerularea, dan lain-lain.

Selain terdapat beberapa jenis burung laut seperti angsa-batu coklat (Sula leucogaster plotus), cerek melayu (Charadrius peronii), raja udang erasia (Alcedo atthis); juga terdapat tiga jenis penyu yang sering mendarat di pulau-pulau yang ada di taman nasional yaitu penyu sisik (Eretmochelys imbricata), penyu tempayan (Caretta caretta), dan penyu lekang (Lepidochelys olivacea).

Masyarakat asli yang tinggal di sekitar taman nasional yaitu suku laut atau yang disebut suku Bajau. Menurut catatan Cina kuno dan para penjelajah Eropa, menyebutkan bahwa manusia berperahu adalah manusia yang mampu menjelajahi Kepulauan Merqui, Johor, Singapura, Sulawesi, dan Kepulauan Sulu. Dari keseluruhan manusia berperahu di Asia Tenggara yang masih mempunyai kebudayaan berperahu tradisional adalah suku Bajau. Melihat kehidupan mereka sehari-hari merupakan hal yang menarik dan unik, terutama penyelaman ke dasar laut tanpa peralatan untuk menombak ikan.

Pulau Hoga (Resort Kaledupa), Pulau Binongko (Resort Binongko) dan Resort Tamia merupakan lokasi yang menarik dikunjungi terutama untuk kegiatan menyelam, snorkeling, wisata bahari, berenang, berkemah, dan wisata budaya.

Musim kunjungan terbaik: bulan April s/d Juni dan Oktober s/d Desember setiap tahunnya.

Cara pencapaian lokasi: Kendari ke Bau-bau dengan kapal cepat regular setiap hari dua kali dengan lama perjalanan lima jam atau setiap hari dengan kapal kayu selama 12 jam. Dari Bau-bau ke Lasalimu naik kendaraan roda empat selama dua jam, lalu naik kapal cepat Lasalimu-Wanci selama satu jam atau kapal kayu Lasalimu-Wanci selama 2,5 jam. Wanci merupakan pintu gerbang pertama memasuki kawasan Taman Nasional Wakatobi.


Kantor : Jl. Dayanu Ikhsanudin, Bau-bau
Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara
Telp. (0402) 25652
E-mail: tnkw-buton@msn. com

An Island of Your Own

Soft sand under your feet, warm clear waters and gorgeous undersea life at your doorstep: Andrew Greene samples a piece of paradise.

The bay at the front of my simple cottage is a magical place. With my feet up on the cottage’s bamboo railing, a daybreak coffee in my hand, a dark blue belt spills across the bay marking the boundary to the deep waters.

The sun climbs above the shadowy humps of Seraya Besar Island in the sea. On my side of the azure border, the calm waters are a blue so pale that it could be considered to be tan or even white.

On the belt’s other side, the waters seemingly continue on forever, their blueness eternally increasing. Each shade represents a different submerged world.

My first morning on Seraya Kecil Island, with the tide fully in, I slip on my flippers, don my mask and snorkel and sit in the water. I tilt forward, lay flat on my belly and begin to pull my way, one handful of sand at a time, through the knee-deep water. The water is very clear and the soft bottom is less than an arm’s length away. A few sandy, nearly translucent, fish dart out of my path as I float on my way above them.

Five meters seaward, I come to a bed of sea grass. Here I begin to see more marine life. Crabs crab their way through the thick green dancing fronds. Their poppy-seed flick eyes dart and blink with panic as my pink bulk floats overhead. These are small crabs, less than the diameter of a Malang apple and are in no danger of making it onto my dinner plate.

Red starfish, large, stiff, five pointed things with black nodules running down the crest of each arm, likewise make their home in this grass bed. These too, I swim over the top of. They remain stoic, fortified with the nonchalant character for which all starfish are famous.

An expanse of sea urchins lies just toward the end of the sea grass.

I carefully paddle my way past these thorny challenges and into the world where the true wonders begin, the coral garden. To use the tired cliché that snorkeling above a coral reef is like looking at an aquarium is a bit like saying that meeting an alien is the same as watching ET.

Coral covers the bed below; mounds of brain coral, forests of branch coral and horizontal expanses of table coral. The reef does not seem to have one true bottom. It is made up of layers and shelves and outcroppings and tunnels and cracks, all homes, shelters and hunting grounds to creatures doing what creatures do in any ecological system. Fighting, breeding, hiding, stalking and feeding are all on display below.

Colorful anemones expand and contact and sway to and fro, harvesting microscopic nutrients from the nutrient-rich marine atmosphere. From between the anemones’ poisoned tentacles scurry families of clownfish. Here in the bay, the first family I spy is a trio of skunk clownfish, named for the white stripe painted down along their tops from nose to tail.

Other guests to the island have mentioned sea snakes and sharks. I have not seen either. But I do see many large barrel sponges, their openings large enough to take a rest within. I dive down to one particularly large barrel sponge, its supporting ribs as thick and corded as a weight lifter’s wrist, to find a lionfish in full bloom deep within.

This turns out not to be the only lionfish I come across this day. On the swim back to shore I meet another lionfish hovering, completely motionless, over a bump of coral. Its fins fanned wide, supported by a rack of poisonous ribs. Its heavy slung jaw is lowered and squared and ready for any unsuspecting fish to wander into range. It is the perfect ambush predator.

I swim a circular route, giving the lionfish’s poisonous fins a wide berth and make it back over the grass bed and onto the beach and walk up to my cottage.

I have traveled to Seraya Kecil Island from Flores’ westernmost port of Labuan Bajo. To the east of the Wallace Line it is markedly drier and browner in appearance than Bali, Java and Sumatra.

Labuan Bajo is just an hour’s flight from Bali and Seraya Kecil is an hour’s boat journey from there. It is also possible to travel to Flores overland and oversea. I made the journey in four days by bus and ferry from Jakarta.

The island has only the one 10-cottaged resort for visitors to stay at. A night with a free breakfast is Rp 100,000 and the boat ride to the island is free. The downside is that electricity is generator-powered and available only a few hours nightly. That is long enough to recharge cell phones and cameras and pump fresh water into bathroom basins, but not long enough to have a climate-controlled sleep. Nonetheless, the island is popular with those travelers who have made it to Flores.

The resort is operated by the Gardena Hotel of Labuan Bajo. There is one restaurant on the island which is also the snorkeling gear center, front desk and library. It serves a limited menu of fresh fish during three set times during the day and evening.

Paulus, the manager, has worked here for four years. He is also the boat captain that carries guests to the island from Gardena. His wife is the cook.

In addition to the guests, Paulus is fond of turtles. He visits fish markets on the mainland and purchases any turtle eggs he finds for Rp 1,000 per egg. “I love turtles,” he says. “I don’t want the fishermen to sell the eggs for eating.”

He says that after bringing the eggs to the island they require up to 60 days to hatch. He then keeps the hatchlings in plastic washing tubs in back of the restaurant, feeding them bits of fish and changing their seawater daily until they are large enough to safely release into the ocean.

He says that he has recently freed 60 baby turtles and only has a few to show me. He brings out two who are immediate hits with the small gathering of guests in the restaurant. Cameras pop out and the hard-shelled infants are immortalized in photos that will surely be shown in photo albms in Europe. Then they are put back in a bucket to fatten up further.

As its name suggests, Seraya Kecil is a small island, much smaller that its sister island Seraya Besar. It consists of 10 hills with none taller than 200 meters. To the south, behind the resort, over a hill and across a saddle, sits a fishing village of 50 families.

Being arid and lacking fresh water, there is no farming; a walk through the hills leads to encounters with grazing goats, the odd deer, leafless trees and many blocks of crumbling red rock overlooking grand seascapes. Though hot, dry and barren it is a fine chuck of land to explore and possesses spots from which to shoot panoramic photos or simply sit for a picnic prepared below at the restaurant.

The island is also a fantastic place from which to explore Komodo or Rinca, the two main dragon visiting islands. Boats are easy to charter through the restaurant and more inexpensive than those rented from Labuan Bajo.

For those looking for a real weekend getaway, those already on their way to see the dragons or those traipsing further east along the drips and drops of the archipelago, Seraya Kecil Island is well worth a detour.

Indonesia

from Indonesia Oceanic Cetacean Program



Indonesia's 17,000 islands make up by far the largest and most varied archipelago on Earth and span over 5000 equatorial kilometres between Asia and Australia. Its total coastline extends over 80.000 km - close to one third of the Earth's circumreference at the equator! So it is with good reason that Indonesians think of their country as 'Tanah air kita' - Our land and water.

The Indonesian Archipelago consists of some of the largest islands in the world which rise up from deep oceanic trenches. Some contain dense jungle slopes and huge mountains - capped with ice and snow, despite their tropical coastlines!
Indonesian islands names conjure up images of exotic and unknown South East Asia destinations: Bali, Borneo and Komodo; Lombok and New Guinea; the Spice Islands of Halmahera, Sumatra and Sulawesi, also formerly known as Celebes. From freezing glaciers to coral reefs, the sheer diversity of island scenes and life defies the imagination.

"Some Indonesian islands contain dense jungle slopes and huge mountains - capped with ice and snow, despite their tropical coastlines!"

The enormous number of Indonesia's islands and their location in a tropical, equatorial climate has produced an unrivalled diversity of plant and animal life. With only 1% of the world's land area, Indonesia is home to over 10% of all mammal species, and 17 % of all birds. Indonesia is over 80% water. For marine creatures it is a vast melting pot, at the influence of both the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The mingling of life from these two great oceans around thousands of islands has created the greatest diversity of marine life on Earth.

The ocean currents here are rich in nutrients. They're responsible for the world's most colourful and diverse coral reefs. So vast is the archipelago that some of the best reefs are barely known. There are over 500 species of coral, and 3000 species of fish as well as 30 species of whales and dolphins. The Sulawesi Sea is a highway for sperm whales, oceanic dolphins and other large marine life such as sea turtles and manta rays.


"For marine creatures Indonesia is a vast melting pot, at the influence of both the Pacific and Indian Oceans"

Indonesia is also the world's fourth largest country and home to a population of 195 million people - mainly moderate Muslim with substantial Christian, Hindu and Buddist minorities. Indigenous tribes still exist in the remote reaches of Indonesia, from Kalimantan to Irian Jaya. (Map of Reseach Areas).

This expanding population is largely dependent of the ocean's health for its own well being. The combination of huge population pressures on rich, productive marine resources illustates the need and urgency for sustainable, minimum impact practices amonst all nature-based industries operating in Indonesia.

Rare Marine Life, Remote Locations

from Indonesia Oceanic Cetacean Program



A large proportion of the Indonesian species of whales and dolphin we see are considered rare in other parts of the world. Some are listed as endangered species. Orcas, pygmy and dwarf sperm whales, pilot and melon-headed whales, false and pygmy killer whales, Bryde's and minke whales, Risso's, Fraser's, rough-toothed, spotted and spinner dolphins, as well as pelagics such as tuna and marlin are all part of the living Sulawesi Sea.

Sperm whales and the majority of other oceanic cetaceans frequenting the area are highly specialised, deep-diving oceanic predators. In fact, if we like to consider ourselves divers because we occassionally submerge, then these creatures should be categorised as ' surfacers', as they occassionally surface!

Sperm whales, for example, spend about 10 minutes out of every hour on the surface. This means there are only around a dozen short surface intervals for each individual whale during daylight hours...

To be at the right place at the right time is one of the most difficult, yet essential necessities for a successful oceanic cetacean research program. Sophisticated hydrophones and other acoustic equipment, constant visual surveying and lots of experience is required to have close encounters while causing minimal disturbance.

Our research methods are scientifically designed to ensure minimal disturbance to cetaceans, yet it allows for discrete approaches to obtain positive photographic identifications of individual whales and dolphins.

APEX has been photographically studying cetaceans in Indonesian waters for numerous years now. As a result, we have an intimate knowledge of the whereabouts and biological hotspots frequented by these rare and spectacular marine mammals.

This information is then combined with preferred camera positions and anticipated whale behaviours to create ample and superb opportunities to film and photograph these animals in their natural habitat. In addition, North Sulawesi and the islands of the Sangihe-Talaud Archipelago are considered one of the most scenic in Indonesia.

Our Oceanic Cetacean Film & Photographic Expeditions are of the highest standards, designed for discerning environmental media professionals.

The expedition vessel is a stable platform, well equipped and sea worthy 15m sailing yacht. Expeditions are based in Manado, North Sulawesi and easily accessable with directl flights from Singapore, Phillipines, Bali, Java and other Indonesian islands. Expeditions to other IOCP research areas such as Komodo National Park and Nusa Tengara are possible.

The Amazing Celebes Sea

from Indonesia Oceanic Cetacean Program



The warm, clear waters off northern Sulawesi, previously known as Celebes, are an exceptionally rich marine life hot spot. Strong oceanic currents, deep sea trenches and sea mounts, combined with active volcanic islands result in complex oceanographic features and an impressive array of rare marine life.

The Celebes Sea is located in the centre of a special oceanic realm of maximum marine diversity. It is home to a great abundance of whales and dolphins, sea-turtles, manta rays, marlin and other pelagics. In addition, some of the most bio-diverse coral reefs in the world can be found here, with over 2500 fish species and close to 500 coral varieties identified to date.

The Oceanic Cetacean Film & Photographic Expeditions have access to this pristine and remote region of Indonesia. It enables adventurous naturalists and multi-media professionals to experience an exceptional marine wilderness, with all creature comforts and equipment maintenance and charging facilities on board.

The Indonesia Oceanic Cetacean Program (IOCP) research expertise and findings have been crucial to numerous international film makers and photographers interested in producing cetacean natural history and environmental documentaries.

"The expedition will focus on numerous rare whales and dolphin species and explores some of the most beautifully remote islands Indonesia has to offer"
Our on-going studies on northern Sulawesi's sperm whales and oceanic dolphins has resulted in an intimate knowledge of the whereabouts and ecology of these rare cetaceans.

It is not unusual to have encounters with oceanic cetaceans such as sperm whales in the morning, and have a snorkel or dive on a brilliant coral reef drop-off in the afternoon! We certainly don't know of any other location world-wide where this can be done.... In fact, during our previous research season we encountered over 15 different whale and dolphin species in Northern Sulawesi alone, totalling an estimated 1500 individual animals...

One of the main goals of our research is to find out why such a great diversity of whales and dolphins exists here. The IOCP also contributes to biological oceanography research on apex marine predators conducted in other parts of the world.

During the expedition, you are likely to come eye to eye with sperm whales - the most formidable of deep sea predators - as well as other oceanic cetaceans, such as pilot and melon-headed whales.

These in-water encounters often result in spectacular imagery, and are truly inspiring and not easily forgotten. However, such encounters are not to be taken lightly and are carefully controlled by the expedition team to ensure both safety and maximum success.

All Expeditions include professional cetacean and coral reef ecology experts as part of the team. APEX Environmental has coordinated numerous successful oceanic cetacean field productions. Our participation with multi-media projects aims to:

1. increase the environmental awareness of this exceptional Indonesian marine region
2. harness support for effective cetacean conservation measures.
3. focus attention on the increasing environmental impacts as a result from destructive fishing practices and activities of the region's rapidly expanding nature-based and extractive resource industries.

Hot Spot

TIME, Jul. 08, 2002
By DAMASO REYES



Self-Destruction While the island of Selayar is largely unsullied by human development, the same cannot be said of its surrounding coral reefs. It only takes a quick peek below the surface of the island's tranquil waters to see the devastating consequences of unfettered local fishing practices. The sea floor off the coast, once heralded as one of Sulawesi's richest reefs, is now a barren, white wasteland of shattered coral, eerie stillness and craters the size of a child's inflatable wading pool. The effects of dynamite fishing are hard to miss.

For years, a growing number of fishermen have been using explosive devices here to stun their prey and bring it to the surface. It takes only a few hours to bomb out an area of hundreds of square meters, securing a full haul but causing irreparable damage to the live coral at the base of a reef's ecosystem. Fishermen use homemade fertilizer bombs, dynamite and even ordnance left over from World War II. The return is quick and lucrative, netting them many times over what they would make using conventional methods. But once bombed, the area is devoid of life for decades.

Environmentalists have lobbied the Indonesian government for years to police these waters more vigilantly, but to little effect. With more than 81,000 square kilometers of coastline and 17,000 islands to patrol, the Department of Fisheries faces a herculean task, and it doesn't cost much to avert the eyes of a prying inspector. Marine biologists estimate that well in excess of half of the nation's coral reefs suffer some damage from dynamiting. Environmental education programs are having some effect, but international demand and a willingness to pay top dollar for reef delicacies like the napoleon wrasse make it difficult for conservationists to get their message across. Over the past 10 years the situation has worsened. The coral reefs of Indonesia may ultimately be a tourist destination akin to the Amazon rain forests: see them while they still exist.

Serene highness in Sumbawa

The jakarta Post.com
May, 25, 2007



Slip on your sandals, slap on the sunscreen and get ready to camp it up in a refined rustic retreat at Amanwana, the exclusive getaway where you-know-who stayed way back when. But don't forget your credit card, writes Bruce Emond.

It did not take long for me to experience a couple of up-close and-personal encounters with wildlife at Amanwana.

As I settled into my tent room fronting the shore, a tiny lizard scampered out of the resort's adventure guidebook and scurried across my desk.

After years of living in Jakarta, where the furtive cicak rules the roost even in the highest apartment buildings, it was a none too alarming encounter.

The second was not so benign: Heading off to explore all the luxury resort has to offer, I came face-to-face with the glowering presence of a male monkey, his gaze fixed on the tempting fruit basket inside my room.

Although I managed to give him the slip, resorting to tossing him an apple as a peace offering, it was quickly clear to me why Amanwana is a favored back-to-nature retreat for the well-heeled wishing to escape the stresses of the concrete jungle.

Aman Resorts founder Adrian Zecha has called it a "campsite", but it bears no resemblance to the rickety tent and basic outdoor plumbing of a traditional hike through the woods.

Draped along a sheltered, pristine stretch of Moyo Island off Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, the resort, in its quiet, elegant way, lives up to its name of "peaceful forest". You will not find pulsating music blaring from a shoreside disco or drunk-off their faces holidaymakers sprawled on the beach. And while there is a spa nestled in a cove up the shore, Amanwana's guests are spared cooing entreaties of, "massage, mister?".

The ills of urban living also have yet to reach the area: The sky is clear, there is no disagreeable roar of engines and the only litter is the scat of wild animals along the trails.

With sumptuously appointed, spacious tents replete with AC and hot water shower but without the distraction of TV, it is an ultraexclusive, ultrapricey immersion in nature for those want both the creatures and creature comforts close at hand.

That natural experience begins when one of Amanwana's fleet of vessels docks at the jetty leading to the luxury resort.

In a daily 3 p.m. ritual, general manager Ian White scoops up a handful of bread from a small basket and tosses it into the sea, inviting newly arrived guests to follow suit. And the fish, the amphibious version of Pavlov's dogs at the sound of their master's bell, gather on cue in a florid show of color visible through the crystal-clear water.

The Aman concept is that guests are treated as if they were in a home, albeit a very luxurious and selective one, and thus adrenaline junkies and tchotchke-adoring princesses would feel singularly out of place. For it is not luxury or five-star in the jaded, conventional sense: There is no opulently decorated ersatz Versace lobby, smotheringly plush carpets or garish accoutrements that some of us define as taste.

Its pool -- but why swim in a pool when that stunning turquoise sea lies only a few steps away? -- is of the simple 1.4-meter plunge variety.

By day, the sparse sounds are of the drone of motorboats and, occasionally, a fight between peeved members of the monkey troupes that have also set up camp in the area. When night shrouds the resort, and little stirs except for the rustle of leaves outside and the to-and-fro lapping of waves on the coral beach, you can hear yourself think.

Tapping into that inner voice can be a disquieting experience for some. White remembers one couple who gave the resort and their tent the once-over, and decided then and there that a heaping dose of serenity was not what they were looking for.

"They said it was beautiful and everything, but it was just not for them," he said.

* * * *

Moyo, about a 90-minute boat trip from the sleepy town of Sumbawa Besar on the northern coast of Sumbawa, covers 36,000 hectares, of which a third is a national park. The hotel, opened in 1993, stands on 35 hectares of the 165 controlled by the Aman Group.

Guests (they have included, most famously, the late Princess Diana) are ferried from Sumbawa in one of the Aman's luxury boats. The jetty leads past the plunge pool, open-air shower, dive shop and nurse's station along a trail to the cluster of buildings. Here lies the reception, library, boutique and the breeze-fanned restaurant overlooking the shore.

The sandy trail continues to the canvas-covered rooms -- built as tents to accommodate the regulation banning permanent hotels within a national park. To the left, hugging the shore, are the beach tents, where I stayed, while a few meters back are the jungle rooms.

Barely seen and heard are the hotel's soft-footed attendants, who move seamlessly between the tents collecting laundry, setting up mosquito nets and pulling down blinds.

If they wish, guests can while away their days on the beach with a good book from the library; there is a selection of English, German and Japanese titles, from novels to travel and art books. Most choose instead to sample the sights of the surrounding jungle or dive sites in the Flores Sea (Tim Simond called the latter "something of a best kept secret ... superb" in 2006's Dive in Style).

"A big selling point for us, as you see on your arrival, is the calm waters, and that you can swim in the ocean ...," White said.

"You can walk in right off the beach, snorkel right off the beach, in a protected marine park, which is hard to find outside of Manado. The dive age starts at 10 years old -- we are very child friendly, so it's great for families."

It's a perfected slice of paradise at a price; the tent is US$750 per night, plus $75 full board, which includes meals and beverages, except alcoholic ones. Excursions and the PADI-accredited dives all cost extra.

And it's one of those places where, if you have to ask about the price or find them obscenely inflated in one of the poorest regions of the country, then you should not be there.

For Indonesia residents, both locals and expatriates, the tent cost is half the standard. White said Indonesia bookings accounted for about 17 percent of guest numbers in 2005, consisting of an equal balance of European/American expats, the Japanese community and Indonesian nationals.

"You are getting exclusive service with the Aman touches," he said of the rates.

"Our staff knows your name, we keep a record of your likes and dislikes, what you like to drink, what your favorite cigar is ...the peace and quiet of Moyo is what people will pay highly for ..."

The secluded setting is ideal for couples; the hotel has designated three "honeymoon beaches" for those who want a romantic hideaway far from prying eyes.

When the resort first opened in the early 1990s, White said, it was more oriented to couples, but that is no longer the case.

"We are very casual, not pretentious ... Our guests range from CEOs of businesses to older retirees ... for children, this provides an experience that they would not normally get."

I spent two nights at the resort; my itinerary included the must-do jaunt to the idyllic waterfall across the bay from the resort; snorkeling off the jetty; the Aman facial and an exerting walk to the deer breeding center along the coast.

The waterfall is reached by taking a speedboat to the fishing village of Labuan Aji, followed by a bone-shaking 20-minute drive in a jeep up an unpaved hill and along a dusty stretch of road fringed by cashew fields. The jeep stops and there is a short trek to reach the first, breathtakingly gorgeous waterfall. It's ideal for pictures, but it is used by the local community for its water needs and is not for guests to swim in.

The waterfall for Amanwana guests is further up the mountain; it was not a too severely demanding trek, even for woefully out-of-shape me. It is no less stunning and tranquil than the first, a magical picture-postcard oasis where shards of light danced invitingly on the pool.

One of my two guides led the way along a huge fallen tree trunk to dive into the clear, cool water. After our swim, I feasted on a jungle platter of fresh young coconut, fruit and slices of banana bread. We stopped off in the village to buy some of the forest honey that Sumbawa is famous for before heading back to the resort, reinvigorated from the trip.

* * * *

Moyo's population of about 3,500, located in Labuan Aji and a couple of other hamlets around the island, earn their living from fishing and farming rice, cashews and honey collected from the local forests.

About a third of the 160 staff at Amanwana is from the island, White said. Most originate from the strongly Islamic region of Bima on Sumbawa; legend has it they fled here during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies in World War II.

The resort has its own water treatment center, with used water processed for reuse in the grounds. Nonrecyclable waste is taken away for disposal in Sumbawa Besar, while "wet" waste is used as compost.

But no island is an island unto itself; even Moyo, with its tiny population and a protected national park since 1976, has suffered the scourge of environmental damage.

Despite its distance from Sumbawa, flotsam and jetsam still washes up on Amanwana's shores, White said.

"Our groundskeeping staff are up early to clear up any litter on the beach. There is no magic in the water to keep it away. The magic is being there to pick it up when it comes in."

There also are more pressing concerns; stark tracts of gray burnished land, forest cleared by fire for farming, line the road to the waterfall. The reefs have also rebounded after suffering from increased water temperatures.

The most glaring example of a reverse in environmental fortunes is the island's population of deer, the redundantly named rusa deer or Sunda Sambar (cervus timorenis). The 1991 reprint of Bill Dalton's definitive Indonesia travel guide Indonesia Handbook said that sight of landfall on Moyo inevitably included deer frolicking in the hills.

The animals remained common until the late 1990s, and would graze in the late afternoon at Amanwana. Aman Resorts human resources director Asih Wesika remembers being disturbed by a knocking on her door, only to find that the "trespasser" was a deer.

But decimation of the wild population by hunting parties who sailed over from Sumbawa has led to a drastic decline in their numbers (monkeys, wild ox and boar are now the most common mammals here). The deer has been hunted for sport, its antlers taken as a trophy and carcass left behind (on mainland Sumbawa, its meat is used for jerky and the fluid of unborn foals drunk to increase virility).

Visitors today are only likely to "see" a deer on the key holder for their rooms and the wooden figurines in the restaurant. However, for the past six years, the hotel has sponsored a breeding program run by local people.

White and Wesika took me to the site; we climbed up the rocky stairs behind the plunge pool, past the helipad, and embarked on a testing 20-minute walk to the home of Ibu Halimah.

Among locals, she is a wealthy woman, with chickens, goats and cows rambling around the grounds of her simple home. She served us crisp slices of freshly fried breadfruit before leading us to the deer enclosure, which is tended by three members of her family.

I saw a herd of about 15 deer, who tamely fed on the bundles of leaves offered to them. They are descended from 40 animals the resort bought and brought over from Sumbawa (some escaped when a fence broke during the monsoon season). White said the hotel wanted to eventually release 10-12 animals back into the forest, and may set up an enclosure behind Amanwana to allow guests to see them.

On the ride over to Amanwana, I had met one of the crew, pak Ramli, a native of Labuan Aji and a former hunter. He has been with Amanwana since its opening, and his job has provided his family with a better standard of living. He can send his children to school in Sumbawa Besar instead of learning at the tiny schoolhouse in Labuan Aji.

He told me that the example of the hotel and its guests in caring for the environment was one that the islanders could follow.

"Whether they are Japanese or European, they really show their concern for the environment and for protecting the animals. It has really opened my eyes," he said.

* * * *

When my two nights at Amanwana were over, I took the employees' boat back to Sumbawa Besar's port of Badas. It was time to head back to the reality of traffic jams and deadlines.

It was not the usual elegant farewell to Amanwana, but then my trip there was in many ways very different from that of its guests. I had taken the Rp 85,000 bus-ferry from Mataram to Sumbawa Besar, glimpsing the rugged, arid landscape of Sumbawa. I then spent a day in the small town, enjoying becak rides to its few sights and the friendliness of the local people.

In contrast, Amanwana guests fly in on a Cessna to Sumbawa Besar's single landing strip airport on the outskirts of town, are whisked away to meticulously kept Badas harbor and then set off on their pristine jungle adventure.

No chilled mineral water and canapés for us today. My fellow passengers were 20 members of the forestry police, who had been looking into illegal logging on the island, and a solitary hen who, seeming to know a fate worse then death awaited her on Sumbawa, darted frantically through the boat. Me, feeling like a big white lug among the band of manly men in uniform, chose to sit with the steersman.

With a cigarette pursed between his lips and dexterously maneuvering the helm with his feet, he told me of his family's recent addition of a young daughter, and that his wife was an elementary school teacher in Sumbawa Besar.

He had been to Jakarta's Tanjung Priok Seaport once when he worked on a merchant ship. But they had only unloaded their cargo and gone straight back to sea.

"Jakarta must be really something, with all the big buildings and vehicles," the 27-year-old said.

You should see it once, I replied. For a single trip to the urban jungle is probably enough when you have a small corner of paradise to call home.

Harta Karun di Perairan Jabar Selatan

Menggali ”Harta Karun” di Perairan Jabar Selatan
Oleh Soni Darmawan & Rinny Cempaka

Saat ini pemerintah Indonesia sedang meningkatkan peranan sumber daya pesisir dan kelautan sebagai sumber pertumbuhan bagi peningkatan Gross National Product (GNP). Dengan demikian, eksploitasi sumber daya pesisir dan kelautan yang diusahakan secara lestari dan berkelanjutan merupakan target pembangunan, yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian seluruh rakyat terutama masyarakat wilayah pesisir.

Provinsi Jawa Barat memiliki wilayah pesisir cukup luas. Garis pantainya mencapai 193.565 km, membentang melalui lima kabupaten yaitu Kab. Sukabumi, Cianjur, Tasikmalaya, Garut dan Kab. Ciamis. Sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Otonomi Daerah, daerah di pesisir pantai mempunyai hak pengelolaan sejauh 12 mil.

Meskipun wilayah perairan yang sangat luas, sumber daya yang terkandung di dalamnya belum termanfaatkan secara optimal. Sedikit banyak ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (iptek) kelautan dan perikanan telah dikuasai para pakar, namun kemampuan tersebut masih harus terus ditingkatkan dan aplikasinya diarahkan untuk membantu berbagai masalah kelautan dan perikanan yang dihadapi masyarakat luas dan para pelaku industri kelautan perikanan.

Menurut data statistik perikanan, nilai produksi perikanan tangkap di tahun 2003 mencapai Rp 93,60 miliar. Dari nilai produksi tersebut baru dimanfaatkan 40% dari potensi yang ada. Hal itu menunjukkan perairan Jawa Barat selatan masih memiliki potensi yang sangat besar dan under exploited atau harta karun belum tergali secara optimal terutama di perairan zona ekonomi eksklusif (ZEE).

Besarnya potensi ikan di perairan Jawa Barat selatan mengingat daerah tersebut merupakan daerah upwelling, sehingga cukup subur dan merupakan daerah fishing ground bagi ikan tuna yang paling penting di dunia. Yang menjadi pertanyaan, bagaimana menggali potensi tersebut?

Peranan teknologi satelit

Salah satu permasalahan utama yang dihadapi dalam pemanfaatan sumber daya perikanan laut Indonesia adalah sulitnya menentukan daerah yang memiliki probabilitas tinggi sebagai lokasi penangkapan ikan (fishing ground).

Pada umumnya, selama ini sebagian nelayan di perairan Jawa Barat masih menggunakan pengalaman empiris dan pengamatan terhadap ”tanda-tanda” alam secara konvensional, yaitu dengan mengandalkan kemampuan pancaindra.

Ketidaksediaan informasi stok sumber daya ikan laut mengakibatkan effort (upaya) yang besar dan pemahaman terhadap pola migrasi ikan juga mengakibatkan terjadinya penangkapan ikan yang berlebih (over fishing) di suatu daerah.

Apabila hal ini dibiarkan dalam jangka panjang kelestarian sumber daya ikan akan terganggu maka dari itu perlu adanya teknologi agar kegiatan penangkapan ikan dapat efisien dan efektif. Salah satu teknologi yang digunakan adalah memanfaatkan data citra satelit Modis (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) untuk menentukan daerah fishing ground.

Modis merupakan salah satu sensor yang dimiliki EOS (Earth Observing System) dan dibawa oleh dua wahana yaitu Terra yang diluncurkan pada 18 Desember 1999 dan Aqua pada tanggal 4 Mei 2002. Sensor Modis merupakan turunan dari sensor Avhrr (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer), SeaWIFS (Sea-Viewing Wide Field of view sensor) dan Hirs (High Resoution Imaging Spectrometer) yang dimiliki EOS yang sebelumnya telah mengorbit.

Kelebihan sensor Modis dibandingkan dengan sensor global lainnya adalah dalam hal resolusi spasial 250 m, 500 m dan 1 km. Adapun kelebihan lainnya berupa kalibrasi radiometrik, spasial dan spektral dilakukan waktu mengorbit, peningkatan akurasi/presisi radiometrik, peningkatan akurasi posisi geografis dan terdiri dari 36 band, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mengukur parameter dari permukaan laut hingga ke atmosfer seperti mengukur suhu permukaan air laut, konsentrasi klorofil, kandungan uap air dan lain-lain.

Penentuan lokasi potensi ikan dilakukan berdasarkan pada parameter suhu air laut (sea surface temperature) dan klorofil-a yang dihasilkan oleh band pada citra Modis. Hal ini mengacu pada suhu yang umum digunakan sebagai indikator untuk menentukan perubahan ekologi.

Selanjutnya suhu inilah yang merupakan faktor penting untuk penentuan dan penilaian suatu daerah penangkapan ikan (fishing ground) di samping faktor lain. Kontur suhu yang memperlihatkan gradien suhu yang rapat dibandingkan sekitarnya dengan kisaran suhu 0,5�C dalam radius 3 km dan memiliki konsentrasi klorofil-a yang tinggi diduga sebagai daerah fishing ground.

Dalam hal menentukan peta fishing ground bukan nelayan yang mengolah, namun diperlukan based station (stasiun utama) pengolah citra satelit yang memberikan informasi fishing ground kepada nelayan di pangkalan pendaratan ikan (PPI) tiap kabupaten.

Informasi harian daerah fishing ground dapat diterima nelayan yang akan melaut. Berbekal informasi fishing ground, tidak ada lagi istilah bagi nelayan untuk mencari ikan. Nelayan melaut untuk menangkap ikan.

Peta fishing ground memberikan informasi daerah potensi ikan. Daerah potensi ikan ditentukan dalam posisi koordinat. Maka dari itu diperlukan alat navigasi berupa GPS untuk membantu navigasi pelayaran sekaligus navigasi untuk menemukan daerah fishing ground hasil analisis citra satelit Modis.

Dengan kata lain adanya data satelit inderaja dan satelit navigasi dapat mengatasi masalah nelayan dalam hal menentukan lokasi tangkapan ikan, dapat membantu produksi perikanan dan tidak akan ada lagi nelayan yang tersesat di lautan.

Instrumen GPS berkembang sangat pesat dengan semakin mudah pemakaian dan murah harganya. Namun instrumennya perlu disesuaikan dengan alat tangkap berupa motor tempel yang mayoritas dipergunakan masyarakat nelayan Jawa Barat selatan. Untuk kapal berukuran di atas 30 grosston (GT) atau kapal besar dapat pula dilengkapi dengan Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) berupa penggunaan data satelit untuk penentuan posisi (positioning) dan komunikasi.

Memang dirasa sangat berat bagi nelayan Jawa Barat selatan dengan karakteristik perairan berombak besar, batrimetri yang dalam dan gelombang yang dapat mencapai 3 m hanya bermodalkan motor tempel untuk mencari ikan.

Disadari untuk meningkatkan produktivitas perikanan tangkap diperlukan armada tangkap yang besar dan pelabuhan perikanan dengan sarana dan prasarana yang lengkap, namun hal tersebut memerlukan kajian dan investasi yang sangat besar. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan sarana dan prasarana yang ada, dengan pemberdayaan masyarakat, manajemen yang baik dan sedikit sentuhan teknologi satelit akan sangat membantu menggali ”harta karun” berupa perikanan tangkap di perairan Jawa Barat selatan.***


Penulis, staf Pusat Penginderaan Jauh - ITB. Kelompok Kepakaran Penginderaan Jauh dan Sains Informasi Geografis (ReSGIS) - Departemen Teknik Geodesi - ITB.

Bangka Belitung

Provinsi Bangka dan Belitung (Babel) adalah provinsi berbentuk kepulauan dengan luas wilayah 81.725,14 kilometer persegi, terdiri atas dua pulau besar yaitu Pulau Bangka dan Pulau Belitung serta 254 pulau-pulau kecil disekitarnya dengan panjang pantai sejauh 1.200 km persegi terbagi dalam tujuh kabupaten/kota.

Dengan keunggulan ini dan didukung dengan ekosistem wilayah kepulauan, pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil dengan karakteristik beragam membuat Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung merupakan wilayah pengembangan wisata bahari seperti menyelam, memancing, scuba dan snorkeling. Khusus untuk kegiatan pemancingan (fishing spots) maka Bangka Belitung sangat potensial karena lautnya memiliki jenis-jenis ikan yang menarik bagi penggemar mancing seperti kakap merah, kerapu, tongkol, tenggiri. Ikan-ikannya bisa diperoleh sepanjang musim dengan tingkat perubahan temperatur air relatif stabil.

Pemprov Bangka Belitung bahkan telah menerbitkan brosur-brosur khusus untuk penggemar mancing ini dengan sedikitnya delapan lokasi yaitu di Pulau Lampu, Pulau nangka, Pantai Rambat, Air Mas dan Keranji, Sedai dan Lepar Pongok, Bukit Perahu, Tanjung Kelayang, Pantai Burung Mandi dan Pulau Memperak lengkap dengan keterangan jenis-jenis ikan yang bisa dipancing ditiap spot.

Wilayahnya memang kaya dengan ekosistem pantai, mangrove, lamun, terumbu karang dan estuaria yaitu daerah perairan yang merupakan tempat pertemuan air tawar dan asin membuat Bangka Belitung juga kaya akan potensi sumber daya perikanan selain hasil tambang timah yang sudah lama dikenal.

Pulau Bangka dan Belitung terletak berdampingan diapit Laut Cina selatan dan laut Jawa. Nama Bangka berasal dari Wangka yang berarti timah, Jata Wangka juga tertulis dalam prasasti Kerajaan Sriwijaya yang ditemukan dekat kota Kapur, Bangka Barat bertarikh 686 Masehi. Pulau Bangka terletak sekitar 25 Km di timur lepas pantai Sumatera Selatan sedangkan Pulau Belitung berada di tenggara Pulau Bangka.

Pulau Bangka dan Belitung bahkan memiliki sejumlah pantai yang paling indah di Asia tenggara. Kedua pulau ini pun dapat dicapai dengan mudah hanya setengah jam penerbangan dari Palembang. Wisatawan yang datang ke pulau ini adalah untuk menikmati pantai yang berpasir putih.

Pantai Matras, Pantai Rumodong, Pantai Tanjung Pesona, Pantai Tanjung Kelayang, Pantai Burung mandi merupakan deretan pantai yang tersebar di provinsi ini dengan keindahan alamnya. Pantai Parai Tenggiri di utara Pangkal Pinang merupakan kawasan teluk yang dihiasi dengan bebatuan karang besar yang sangat indah dengan fasilitas hotel berbintang.


Sejarah
Sejak abad ke 7 Pulau Bangka sudah dikunjungi orang-orang hindu yang datang dari Siantan, Johore, Malaysia. Kemudian di susul oleh bangsa belanda, Inggris dan Jepang dalam Perang Dunia II. kedua pulau ini berada dibawah pengaruh kerajaan Sriwijaya dari abad ke-7 hingga 13 maupun kerajaan-kerajaan di Jawa dari abad ke-14 hingga ke-17.

Pada abad ke-18, Pulau Bangka dan Belitung berada dibawah kontrol Sultan Palembang, sebelumnyaKetika deposit timah pertama kali ditemukan di Mentok pada tahun 1710, Sultan Palembang mengundang banyak tenaga buruh dari Cina untuk bekerja di tambang-tambang timah tersebut.

Deposit timah ini berada di permukaan bumi sehingga penambangan dapat dilakukan dengan relatif mudah. Para pekerja asal Cina memperkenalkan teknologi penambangan yang lebih baik sehingga produksi timah dapat meningkat. Jumlah pekerja kontrak asal Cina ini mencapai 130,000 orang pada sekitar tahun 1920-an.

Pemerintah Belanda kemudian memberi kepercayaan kepada orang-orang Cina untuk mengelola manajemen penambangan timah ini dan mereka juga diberi hak untuk menjual opium. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya orang-orang Cina yang kaya raya. Mereka kemudian membangun rumah-rumah besar yang sisanya masih bisa dilihat saat ini.

Satu hal yang menarik adalah hubungan sosial antara masyarakat Cina dengan penduduk pribumi di Bangka dan Belitung yang terjalin dengan baik dan tidak pernah mengalami konflik. Hal ini menjadi suatu hal yang sangat dibanggakan oleh orang-orang Bangka dan Belitung.

Banyak pekerja asal Cina ini yang menetap seterusnya di Bangka dan Belitung ketika kontrak mereka habis dan mereka kawin dengan wanita setempat, keturunan mereka merupakan peranakan Cina yang lebih menyukai hidup dengan cara yang sama dengan penduduk asli; penduduk peranakan Cina ini lebih menyukai bekerja di ladang, menangkap ikan atau bekerja kantoran di kantor pemerintah Belanda daripada bekerja di tambang.

PANGKALPINANG

Kota utama di Pulau Bangka adalah Pangkalpinang yang merupakan kota kecil yang cukup sibuk dengan kegiatan bisnis dan transportasi. Pangkalpinang adalah ibukota Bangka dan merupakan pintu gerbang utama untuk memasuki pulau ini. Rumah-rumah tua peninggalan masa kolonial masih dapat ditemui di sejumlah tempat di kota ini. Sebuah klenteng Cina tua yang dibangun pada tahun 1830 berada di Jl Mayor Haji Muhidir yang merupakan kawasan perdagangan yang cukup sibuk. Klenteng ini dibangun ketika penambangan timah pertama mulai dikerjakan di Bangka dan orang Cina mulai berdatangan.

Pantai Pasir Padi terletak 2.5 Km di selatan Pangkalpinang dan mudah dijangkau dengan angkutan umum. Di kawasan pantai ini terdapat sejumlah restauran yang menyajikan hidangan laut (sea food). Lapangan golf terdapat di selatan Pangkalpinang yang dibangun PT Timah. Di Pangkalpinang terdapat komplek pemakaman (kuburan) yang sangat luas dengan bentuk makam yang aneh, konon 100,000 orang dimakamkan disini.

Pantai terbaik di Bangka terdapat di utara Pangkalpinang yang dapat dicapai dengan kendaraan selama dua jam melalui Baturusa, Sungailiat dan Belinyu. Di sepanjang jalan pantai ini, disebelah kanan jalan, Anda dapat singgah sejenak di sejumlah teluk kecil yang cantik berpasir putih. Di kawasan ini dapat dilihat sejumlah danau yang dulunya merupakan lubang galian tambang.

Muntok

Umumnya wisatawan yang datang ke Muntok adalah untuk singgah sejenak sebelum melanjutkan perjalanan ke Pangkalpinang. Mereka yang datang dari Palembang dengan menumpang kapal akan mendarat di Muntok yang berada tepat di depan muara Sungai Musi. Di Muntok inilah pertama kali tambang timah dibuka. Muntok merupakan ibukota pertama Bangka sebelum dipindahkan ke Pangkalpinang pada tahun 1913 oleh pemerintah kolonial Belanda. Di kawasan pelabuhan Muntok, di dekat sebuah pabrik peleburan timah, terdapat sebuah benteng yang memiliki mercusuar tua yang dibangun oleh pemerintah Inggris ketika Gubernur Jenderal Raffles berkuasa di Jawa (1812-1817). Selama Perang Dunia ke-2, tentara Jepang menggunakan benteng ini untuk memenjarakan tentara sekutu yang tertangkap dan banyak tentara sekutu yang tewas di benteng ini. Di dekat mercusuar ini juga terdapat tugu peringatan untuk mengenang 22 perawat asal Australia yang tewas ditembak Jepang selama Perang Dunia ke-2. Para perawat itu terdampar di Muntok setelah kapal yang mereka tumpangi SS Vyner Brooke tenggelam di perairan Bangka dalam perjalanan menuju Singapura.

Di Mentok terdapat sebuah masjid tua bergaya tradisional Palembang yang dibangun pada pertengahan abad ke-19. Masjid ini terletak berdekatan dengan sebuah klenteng Cina yang kemungkinan dibangun pada tahun 1830-an. Lokasi masjid dan klenteng yang sangat berdekatan ini menjadi simbol dari toleransi agama yang sangat kuat di daerah ini.

Rumah walikota di Mentok merupakan rumah mewah tua peninggalan orang kaya Cina bernama Tjoeng. Rumah ini memiliki tiang-tiang besar di terasnya dilengkapi dengan berbagai perabotan di bagian interiornya yang menggambarkan kekayaan pemiliknya pada masa lalu.

Di sebuah bukit bernama Menumbing (445 m) terdapat rumah yang pernah ditempati Presiden Soekarno dan Wakil Presiden Mohammad Hatta serta para pemimpin nasional lainnya selama sekitar lima bulan ketika mereka dibuang ke Bangka pada tahun 1949. Rumah yang dinamakan Wisna Ranggam ini dibangun tahun 1932 oleh Belanda. Utusan negara-negara asing juga pernah berkunjung ke wisma untuk berunding.

PULAU BELITUNG

Belitung merupakan kepulauan yang terdiri dari 189 pulau besar dan kecil. Pulau Belitung merupakan yang terbesar dengan panjang 79 km dan lebar 77 kilometer persegi. Seperti halnya Pulau Bangka maka hampir semua pantai dan pesisir di Belitung kaya dengan sumber daya perikanan. Banyak lokasi strategis untuk pemancingan, namun kegiatan unik dan spesifik lainnya adalah menangkap kepiting rajungan dan cumi-cumi di antara pantai dan jajaran pulau karang. Berbagai ikan hias seperti Napoleon, ekor kuning dan ikan Lepuk juga banyak ditemukan di Belitung. Saat ini, banyak wisatawan yang datang untuk bersantai dan bermalas-malasan di pantai Pulau Belitung yang sangat indah. Karang-karang laut yang dulunya merupakan tempat persembunyian penyamun sekarang justru menjadi pusat daya tarik dan keindahan pantai Pulau Belitung.

Terletak ditengah-tengah antara dua pengaruh kerajaan besar yaitu Sriwijaya dan Majapahit, namun ironisnya pulau ini sama sekali tidak menarik perhatian dua kerajaan tersebut karena kondisi alamnya yang miskin. Kini nafas Islamlah yang banyak mempengaruhi tradisi dan adat istiadat di sini seperti dalam upacara adat pernikahan atau selamatan anak. Namun dalam acara-acara adat lainnya masih terasa pengaruh Hindu dan animisme.

Salah satu atraksi yang masih berkembang di kalangan masyarakat Belitung adalah Maras Taun atau Selamatan Kampung yang dilakukan setahun sekali. Biasanya acara ini dilaksanakan usai panen padi sebagai ungkapan terima kasih dan memohon keselamatan padaNya.

Tanjung Pandan adalah ibukota Belitung dan sekaligus sebagai pintu gerbang untuk masuk ke pulau ini. Kota yang terletak di pantai barat Pulau Belitung ini bisa ditempuh sekitar 45 menit dengan pesawat udara dari Jakarta. Jika lewat laut, wisatawan dapat menumpang kapal Cisadane dari pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa dengan memakan waktu sekitar delapan jam. Tiket kapal terdiri dari dua kelas: kelas eksekutif dengan tarif Rp 250.000 dan kelas bisnis Rp 225.000 Pantaiii Tanjung Kelayang

Lokasi wisata pantai yang terbaik terdapat di bagian utara Pulau Belitung, menghadap ke Laut Cina Selatan. Pantai Tanjung Kelayang yang terletak 35 Km utara Tanjung Pandan memiliki pantai berpasir putih yang berkilau dibawah sinar matahari dengan air laut yang membiru seperti warna langit diatasnya. Berbagai formasi batu karang memperindah suasana pantai di pulau ini. Dari Pantai Tanjung Kelayang Anda dapat berjalan kaki sejauh 2 Km ke timur menyusuri pantai, melewati sejumlah teluk kecil, ke Tanjung Tinggi dimana Anda dapat berenang atau menikmati angin laut yang berhembus perlahan tanpa terganggu oleh siapapun. Jangan lupa membawa tas piknik untuk persiapan makan siang jika anda pergi ke tempat ini.

Pulau Lengkuas

Wisatawan dapat menyewa perahu motor untuk pergi ke pulau-pulau kecil di dekat Belitung dimana sejumlah pantai yang lebih indah menanti Anda. Di Pulau Langkuas terdapat sebuah mercusuar dan kawasan pantai dimana kura-kura menetaskan telurnya. Di pantai utara pulau ini terdapat batu-batu kecil berwarna hitam yang berada diantara pepohonan dinamakan Billitonites yang dipercaya sebagai pecahan dari meteor yang jatuh pada masa lalu.

Teluk Gembira

Pantai indah lainnya dapat ditemui di Teluk Gembira yang berada di selatan Mamblong. Pantai ini terletak di ujung barat daya Pulau Belitung, 60 Km dari Tanjung Pandan. Dari pantai ini anda dapat menyewa perahu ke Pulau Mendanau dimana pada masa lalu, menurut ceritanya, para bajak laut menyimpan harta hasil rampokan di gua-gua yang berada di antara berbagai formasi batu-batu karang yang terdapat di pantai pulau ini.

Burung Mandi

Di wilayah timur Pulau Belitung terdapat Pantai Burung Mandi yang berada di utara kota Mangar, 90 Km timur Tanjung Pandan. Di atas sebuah karang di pantai ini terdapat klenteng Cina yang dibangun untuk memuja dewi Guan Yin yaitu dewi kesuburan yang dipercaya dapat membantu pasangan yang ingin memiliki keturunan. Pantai di tempat ini memang tidak seputih pantai lainnya di Pulau Belitung namun tempat ini sangat bagus untuk menikmati terbitnya matahari. Perjalanan dari Tanjung Pandan menuju ke Burung Mandi akan melewati Gunung Tajam yang merupakan puncak tertinggi di Belitung dimana di puncaknya terdapat sumber mata air, air terjun dan danau. Di puncak gunung ini juga terdapat makam tua Datuk Gunung Tajam yang membawa agama Islam ke Belitung dari Aceh pada abad ke-16.